Peptic ulcer results from an imbalance between acid-pepsin secretion and mucosal defense The factors that protect the mucosa are its ability to secrete mucous, bicarbonate and prostaglandins .Gastric acid secretion is controlled by three pathwaysβvagus(ACh), gastrin and local release of histamineβ each acting through its own receptors
Diarrhea is the frequent passage of liquid stools. It can be due to a variety of causes like infection, toxins, anxiety and drugs. Acute diarrhea is one of the major causes of death in infants specially in the developing countries. Death is due to dehydration
NSAIDs Drugs are aspirin-type or non-opioid analgesics. In addition they have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and uricosuric propertiesβwithout addiction liability.
General anaesthesia are agents that bring about reversible loss of sensation and consciousness.Dr William Morton who was present at the demonstration, worked on it and in 1846 demonstrated ether anesthesia successfully. Since then several anaesthesia have been synthesized over the decades.
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder ,Antidepressants are used in this disorder .Antidepressants can help relieve symptoms of conditions such as depression and anxiety disorders.
Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. Their action is completely reversible. They act on every type of nerve fiber and can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area.Β
