Heart Rate
Table of Contents
Introduction
Normal heart rate is 72/min.It ranges between 60 and 80 per minute.
Tachycardia
Tachycardia is the increase in heart rate above 100/ min
Physiological Condition when Tachycardia Occurs
- Childhood
- Exercise
- Pregnancy
- Emotional conditions such as anxiety
Pathological condition when Tachycardic Occurs
- Fever
- Anemia
- Hypoxia
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypersecretion of catecholamines
- Cardiomyopathy
- Diseases of heart valves
Bradycardia
Bradycardia is a decrease in heart rate below 60/ min
Physiological condition when Bradycardia Occurs
- Sleep
- Athletes
Pathological Conditions When Bradycardic Occurs
- Hypothermia
- Hypothyroidism
- Heart attack
- Congenital heart disease
- Degenerative process of aging
- Obstructive jaundice
- Increased intracranial pressure
Drugs that Induce Bradycardia
- Beta-blockers
- Channel blockers
- Digitalis and other antiarrhythmic drugs.
Regulation of Heart rate
Heart rate is regulated by the nervous mechanism, which consists of three components:
- Vasomotor center
- Motor (efferent ) nerve fibers to the heart.
- Sensory(afferent) nerve fibers from the heart.
Factor affecting vasomotor center – regulation of vagal tone
- Impulses from higher centers
- Impulses from respiratory centers
- Impulse from baroreceptors marey reflex
- Impulse from chemoreceptors
- Impulses from right atrium – Bainbridge reflex
- The impulse from other afferent nerves
- Bezold – Jarisch Reflex
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