Hemorrhage
Table of Contents
Introduction
Hemorrhage is defined as excess loss of blood due to rupture of blood vessels.
Types and causes of Hemorrhage
it occurs due to various reasons. based on the cause, hemorrhage is classified into five categories:- Accidental hemorrhage
- Capillary hemorrhage
- Internal hemorrhage
- Postpartum hemorrhage
- Hemorrhage due to premature detachment of placenta
Compensatory Effects of Hemorrhage
Many effects are observed during and after hemorrhage. Effects are different in the acute hemorrhage and chronic hemorrhage.
Acute Hemorrhage
Acute hemorrhage is sudden loss of a large quantity of blood. It occurs in condition like accidents. The decreased blood volume in acute hemorrhage causes hypovolemic shock.
Chronic Hemorrhage
Chronic hemorrhage is the loss of blood either by internal or external bleeding over a long period.
Compensatory Effects
After hemorrhage, a series of compensatory reactions develop in the body to cope with the blood loss.
- Immediate compensatory effects
- Delayed compensatory effects
Immediate compensatory effects
- On the Cardiovascular system – there is decreased venous return, ventricular filling, and cardiac output.
- On skin – There is a decrease in the cutaneous blood flow
- On tissue fluid – There is a decrease the capillary pressure.
- On kidneys – Their decrease the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) very much.
- On Respiration – There is a decrease in venous return, cardiac output, and velocity of blood flow.
Delayed compensatory effects
These reactions are :
- Restoration of plasma volume
- Restoration of plasma protein
- Restoration of red blood cell count and hemoglobin contents
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