Wrist joint

Type of joint: This joint is classified as a condyloid joint with two degrees
of freedom (flexion and extension, radial and ulnar deviation). The articulation of the proximal and distal rows of metacarpals are of the same classification and also allow for flexion and extension.

Capsular pattern: Equal restriction of all motions

Wrist Flexion

Planes/axis of movement: Motion occurs in the sagittal plane around a
coronal axis primarily at the radiocarpal joint. Flexion also occurs at the
midcarpal joint to a lesser degree, while the proximal row of carpal bones glide posteriorly on the distal end of the radius.

Range of motion:

• 0 degrees to 50 degrees (at the radiocarpal joint)
• 0 degrees to 35 degrees (at the midcarpal joint)
• 0 degrees to 90 degrees (from anatomical position)

Goniometric alignment:

• Axis: Center over the lateral aspect of the wrist, just distal to the styloid
  process of the ulna
• Stationary arm: Align with the lateral midline of the ulna, siting the
  olecranon process
• Moving arm: Align with the lateral midline of fifth metacarpal bone

Stabilization: The forearm should be stabilized on a supporting surface .

Substitutions: The examiner must watch to make sure the forearm stays down on the table and the wrist does not drift into ulnar/radial deviation to avoid pain or gain more flexion.