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Spine Tumor

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Spinal Tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue which surrounds spinal cord / spinal column /central canal which grow and multiple aggressively  leading  to change seen in spinal cord.   

What are the types of spinal tumor ?

Primary tumors and Secondary (metastatic) tumors are two general type of spinal tumor .

  • Primary spinal tumors is noncancerous (benign) tumor originate in the spinal column ,such as by growing in the bones, discs, nerves, or other elements within the spine. Tumor Hemangiomas , 1 , 2 Osteosarcomas and some bone tumor  are three common primary spinal tumors that are cancerous (malignant).
  • Secondary spinal tumors (metastatic tumors) are tumors that have spread to the spine from a cancer that has started elsewhere in the body. These tumors are the most common type in the spine and are cancerous (have the potential to spread further and are typically fast-growing). Cancerous cells from lung, breast, and prostate are most likely to spread and become lodged in the spine
  • It is estimated that about 90% of diagnosed the spinal tumor are metastatic.
Types of spinal tumor

What are symptoms of spinal tumor ? 

A patient with spinal tumor have various physical finding , medical history which direct toward current disease. These finding and examination needed to be analyse to find the root cause of disease. Symptom shown in patient with spine tumor are as follows:

  • The most common and leading symptom is pain due to neural compression, neurological deficits and instability comes foreground . Mainly waist and back pain.
  • The pain that slowly starts, gradually increases, is usually persistent at night and eventually disturbs patient even at rest is considered the most typical sign for spine tumors.
  • The development of the fracture.
  •  local tenderness near the area of pain
  • During benign tumor in children ,  secondary scoliosis or torticollis occur sometime .
  • Tingling or numbness in the fingers or hand these are called  Radicular signs
  • The patient with spine  tumor cause neurological deficit in months.
  •  Weight loss
  • fever
  • anorexia
  • Sexual dysfunctioning 
  • Gait pattern change (difficulty in walking )

How to diagnose spinal tumor? 

  • Computed tomography (CT)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MR) 

Plain radiographs help to identify nearly 80% of the benign tumors and sometime can show malignant spine tumor and  40 % spine metastasis.

  • Biopsy 

Biopsy in spine tumors can be performed as fine needle aspiration, tru-cut biopsy, incisional or excisional biopsy. Fine needle biopsy and tru-cut biopsy are percutaneously applied procedure.

How to treat spinal tumor ? 

In Spinal tumor Surgery is the best treatment option for the pain and neurological symptoms caused by tumor. The most common surgical treatment used in spinal tumor recovery are as follows .

Vertebroplasty 

Vertebroplasty is procedure in which a special cement is injected into a fractured vertebra — with goal of relieving your spinal pain and restoring your mobility.

kyphoplasty 

kyphoplasty is the minimally invasive procedure in which inflating a balloon to restore bone height then injecting bone cement into the vertebral body.

Spondylectomy 

 Spondylectomy is the complex surgical procedure that involves the complete removal of a vertebra and its surrounding structures, including the intervertebral discs, in order to treat spinal tumors.

Vertebrectomy 

Vertebrectomy  is a surgical procedure to remove all of the vertebral body from the spinal column to relieve pressure on the spinal cord.

Radical Resection

Radical Resection of tumor involves removing the entire intra-compartment and extra-compartment of involved and uninvolved tissue.

Reference

Types of Spinal Tumors .(Pubmed)

Diagram for surgical classification of spinal tumors according to Tomita et al. World J Orthop. 2016 Feb 18; 7(2): 109–116.

Tumors of the spine .2016 Feb 18.(Pubmed) 

 
 

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