Stretching | Types, Indication and Contraindication β
Table of Contents
Introduction
Β StretchingΒ is general term help toΒ increaseΒ soft tissue extensibilityΒ which improves flexibility and ROM by lengthening the structure that is shortened and has become hypomobile.
Terms used in stretching
- Mobility: Ability of structures or segment to move.
- Hypomobility: Reduced functional motion.
- Flexibility: the ability of joint or series of joints to move through unrestricted, painβfree ROM.
There are two types of flexibility- Dynamic flexibility:Β stretchingΒ exercise performed without any help from a partner. Also called active Mobility or active ROM.
- Passive flexibility:Β stretchingΒ exercise performed with the help of a partner. Also called passive mobility or passive ROM.
- Shortness: Partial loss of motion.
- Tightness: Restricted motion due to the adaptive shortening of soft tissue.
- Contracture: complete loss of motion.
- Selective stretching:Β StretchingΒ to the selective muscles of the body.
- Overstretching:Β StretchΒ given beyond the normal length of muscle results in hypermobility.
- Hypermobility: excessive mobility.
- Self-stretching:Β StretchingΒ done independently by the patient.
Β Type of stretching
- ACTIVE STRETCHING
- PASSIVE STRETCHING
- SELF STRETCHING
- SELECTION STRETCHING
- OVERSTRETCHING
Β Β Determinants of stretching
- ALIGNMENT; positing a limb.
- STABILIZATION: Fixation of the bony segment that is attached to the muscle to be stretched.
- INTENSITY; Magnitude of the stretch force applied.
- DURATION: Time of stretching.
- SPEED: Rate of initial application of the stretch force.
- FREQUENCY: no. of stretching per day.
- MODE OF STRETCH: Source of stretch force.
Manual(by hand), Mechanical(by machine), Self (itself), and Degree of patient participation.
Β INDICATION OF STRETCHING
- Adhesion, contracture scar tissue formation.
- Restricted motion lead to structural deformity.
- Muscle weakness and shortening of opposing tissue.
- Prevent or reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries.
- May be used prior to and after vigorous exercises.
Β Β CONTRAINDICATION OF STRETCHING
- Recent fracture.
- Swelling and heating.
- Sharp acute pain.
- Soft tissue healing.
- Hematoma ( A condition caused by the breakdown of blood vessels ).
- Joint hypermobility.
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