Cardiac tumours
Cardiac tumors Table of Contents Heart tumors Cancer When tumors cause in any region of heart is called cardiac tumor .Tumors of the heart are classified into primary and secondary, the latter being more common than the former. Cardiac tumours Primary Cardiac tumors Primary tumors of heart are quite rare, found in 0.04% of […]
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Treatment of Fractures
Treatment of Fractures Table of Contents Treatment of a fracture can be considered in three phases: Phase I – Emergency care Phase II – Definitive care Phase III – Rehabilitation PHASE I – EMERGENCY CARE At the site of accident: Emergency care of a fracturebegins at the site of the accident. In principle, itconsists of […]
Proteins
Protein Table of Contents What is protein? Proteins are present in all living tissues, both plant and animal. They are essential to life because vital parts of the nucleus and protoplasts of every cell are proteins. Composition of Proteins Proteins are very large organic compounds. Proteins, like carbohydrates and fat, contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. In […]
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS)
HIV AIDS symptoms Table of Contents What is HIV and AIDS symptoms |AIDS definition ,pathogenesis of HIV What is AIDS? Since the initial recognition of AIDS in the United States in 1981, tremendous advances have taken place in the understanding of this dreaded disease as regards its epidemiology, etiology, immunology, pathogenesis, clinical features and morphologic […]
Bone Tumors
Bone Tumor Table of Contents Bone tumors may be primary or metastatic. they are clinically quite significant since some of them are highly malignant. WHO has recommended a widely accepted classification of primary bone tumours based on both histogenesis and histologic criteria. Bone Tumors Classification of Tumour-like Lesions of Bone Fibrous dysplasia Fibrous cortical defect […]
Pathology
Pathological Terminology Table of Contents Introduction The word ‘Pathology’ is derived from two Greek words—pathos meaning suffering, and logos meaning study. Pathology is, thus, scientific study of structure and function of body in disease or in other words, pathology consists of abnormalities that occur in normal anatomy (including histology) and physiology owing to disease. Terminology […]
Wrist Complex
Wrist Complex Table of Contents Introduction The wrist joint consists of two compound joints : the radiocarpal and the midcarpal joints , referred to collectively as wrist complex . The wrist complex as whole is considered biaxial with motion of flexion and extension around a coronal axis and radial deviation/Ulnar deviation around anteroposterior axis . Normal ranges of the wrist complex […]
Cardiovascular Adjustments during exercise
Cardiovascular Adjustments during exercise Table of Contents Introduction During exercise, there is an increase in metabolic needs of body tissues, particularly muscles. Various adjustments in the body during exerciseare aimed at: Supply of various metabolic requisites like nutrients and oxygen to the muscles and other tissues involved in exercise Prevention of increase in body temperature. TYPES OF […]
Congestive heart failure
Congestive heart failure Table of Contents Introduction Congestive heart failure or heart failure is a condition in which the heart loses the ability to pump a sufficient amount of blood to all parts of the body. Heart failure or Congestive heart failure may involve left ventricle or right ventricle or both . It may be […]