Pain

Pain Table of Contents Definition The word ‘pain’ is derived from the Latin word ‘poena’ which means penalty or punishment. This is a very common symptom and all of us must have experienced pain at some time or the other. Basically, four types of pain are noticed- 1. Superficial, 2. Segmental, 3. Deep or visceral […]

headache

Headache Table of Contents Headache Definition Headache is any type of pain and discomfort in any part face, head, or neck. The brain tissue doesn’t have pain-sensitive nerve fiber and doesn’t feel pain.   Pain can be caused due to different causes: Migraine Tension headaches Cluster headaches Epidemiology Lifelong the total number of individuals with headaches is 96%, […]

Cardiac murmur

Cardiac murmur Table of Contents Definition A cardiac murmur is an abnormal or unusual heart sound. It’s also called abnormal heart sounds or cardiac bruit. A cardiac murmur is heard by stethoscope, along with normal heart sounds. Causes of murmur Type of murmur  Causes Systolic murmur  1. Incompetence of atrioventricular valves . 2 . Stenosis […]

Arrhythmia

Home Arrhythmia Table of Contents Arrhythmia meaning Arrhythmia refers to irregular heartbeat or disturbance in rhythm of the heart. heartbeat may be fast or slow or there may be extra beat or a missed beat. It occurs in physiological and pathological condition.  Classification of  Arrhythmia A. Normotopic arrhythmia Normotopic arrhythmia is irregular heartbeat, in which […]

Types of Congenital heart diseases

What are the type of congenital heart diseases? Table of Contents Classification of Congenital heart disease Congenital heart disease may be either shunts (left-to-right or right-to-left), or defects causing obstructions to flow. However, complex anomalies involving combination of shunts and obstructions are also often present. I. MALPOSITIONS OF THE HEART II. SHUNTS (CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART […]

Congenital heart disease

Congenital heart diseases Table of Contents Definition  Congenital heart disease can be result of defects in the formation of the heart or great vessels or can arise because anatomical changes that occur during transition between fetus and the newborn child fail to proceed normally. Pathophysiology  In the fetus there is little blood flow through the […]

Cardiac tumours

Cardiac tumors Table of Contents Heart tumors Cancer  When tumors cause in any region of heart is called cardiac tumor .Tumors of the heart are classified into primary and secondary, the latter being more common than the former.   Cardiac tumours Primary Cardiac tumors Primary tumors of heart are quite rare, found in 0.04% of […]

Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis Table of Contents Define cirrhosis Cirrhosis is a condition in which liver is scarred and permanently damaged. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue which affects the normal functioning of liver . Scar tissue also partly blocks flow of blood through the liver. As cirrhosis gets worse : lead to liver failure . Pathophysiology of cirrhosis […]